Hi,
well, if you are talking about regular tabs which occur when you have lookup fields and are shown in the bottom of the details page, I see two different problems:
a) color
b) "when all the fields in that tab are filled in"
In my opinion b) is the much bigger problem. As child-tabs can contain have unlimited records, how should be defined "all fields are filled in"? Either you force the user to enter something into a field or not (AG: required field flag). Even if: What, if in child record 1 something is missing, but in child record 2 all fields are filled? You will need to make up your mind how you want to handle this.
The other a) can probably be done using JS/jquery. I quickly tried using the debug view and it seems pretty doable. See screenshots. Of course, in "real live" you will need some code that probably attaches some CSS class to the a-href

- colored_tab.png (2.79 KiB) Viewed 1721 times
Code:

- code.png (6.47 KiB) Viewed 1721 times
So, if you have made up your mind for b), you can probably design some jquery that checks at some interval if your criteria is met and if, it colors the tab.
Olaf